ASTROMETRICS: DSO Visual Susceptibility Calculator
Average Surface Brightness: Straight mathematical treatment based on apparent size and listed magnitude of the object. This is the mean average luminosity of all 1 "square" arc-minute regions on the object.
Adjusted Surface Brightness: Since the luminosity of many deepsky objects tends to coelesce around certain brighter regions, this is the expected luminosity of the brightest portions. (Those parts a small telescope is most likely to reveal.)
Adjusted Surface Brightness at Find Magnification: The smaller the image size in the eyepiece, the greater the concentration of light presented to the eye. This effect is offset however, by the fact that sky brightness also increases with lower magnification.
Threshold Scope Size: This is the smallest aperture scope of the pre-selected type which may just reveal the object at find magnification to the un-averted eye of an observer who already knows its exact location.
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